File Commands | ||
1. | ls | Directory listing |
2. | ls -al | Formatted listing with hidden files |
3. | ls -lt | Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification |
4. | cd dir | Change directory to dir |
5. | cd | Change to home directory |
6. | pwd | Show current working directory |
7. | mkdir dir | Creating a directory dir |
8. | cat >file | Places the standard input into the file |
9. | more file | Output the contents of the file |
10. | head file | Output the first 10 lines of the file |
11. | tail file | Output the last 10 lines of the file |
12. | tail -f file | Output the contents of file as it grows,starting with |
the last 10 lines | ||
13. | touch file | Create or update file |
14. | rm file | Deleting the file |
15. | rm -r dir | Deleting the directory |
16. | rm -f file | Force to remove the file |
17. | rm -rf dir | Force to remove the directory dir |
18. | cp file1 file2 | Copy the contents of file1 to file2 |
19. | cp -r dir1 dir2 | Copy dir1 to dir2;create dir2 if not present |
20. | mv file1 file2 | Rename or move file1 to file2,if file2 is an existing |
directory | ||
21. | ln -s file link | Create symbolic link link to file |
Process management | ||
1. | ps | To display the currently working processes |
2. | top | Display all running process |
kill pid | Kill the process with given pid | |
4. | killall proc | Kill all the process named proc |
5. | pkill pattern | Will kill all processes matching the pattern |
6. | bg | List stopped or background jobs,resume a stopped |
job in the background | ||
7. | fg | Brings the most recent job to foreground |
8. | fg n | Brings job n to the foreground |
Searching
1. | grep pattern file | Search for pattern in file |
2. | grep -r pattern dir | Search recursively for pattern in dir |
3. | command | grep | Search pattern in the output of a command |
pa | ||
4. | locate file | Find all instances of file |
5. | find . -name filename | Searches in the current directory (represented by |
a period) and below it, for files and directories with | ||
names starting with filename | ||
6. | pgrep pattern | Searches for all the named processes , that |
matches with the pattern and, by default, returns | ||
their ID | ||
System Info
1. | date | Show the current date and time |
2. | cal | Show this month's calender |
3. | uptime | Show current uptime |
4. | w | Display who is on line |
5. | whoami | Who you are logged in as |
finger user | Display information about user | |
7. | uname -a | Show kernel information |
8. | cat /proc/cpuinfo | Cpu information |
9. | cat proc/meminfo | Memory information |
10. | man command | Show the manual for command |
11. | df | Show the disk usage |
12. | du | Show directory space usage |
13. | free | Show memory and swap usage |
14. | whereis app | Show possible locations of app |
15. | which app | Show which applications will be run by default |
Compression
1. | tar cf file.tar file | Create tar named file.tar containing file |
2. | tar xf file.tar | Extract the files from file.tar |
3. | tar czf file.tar.gz files | Create a tar with Gzip compression |
4. | tar xzf file.tar.gz | Extract a tar using Gzip |
5. | tar cjf file.tar.bz2 | Create tar with Bzip2 compression |
6. | tar xjf file.tar.bz2 | Extract a tar using Bzip2 |
7. | gzip file | Compresses file and renames it to file.gz |
8. | gzip -d file.gz | Decompresses file.gz back to file |
Network
1. | ping host | Ping host and output results |
2. | whois domain | Get whois information for domains |
3. | dig domain | Get DNS information for domain |
4. | dig -x host | Reverse lookup host |
5. | wget file | Download file |
6. | wget -c file | Continue a stopped download |
Shortcuts | ||
1. | ctrl+c | Halts the current command |
2. | ctrl+z | Stops the current command, resume with fg in the |
foreground or bg in the background | ||
3. | ctrl+d | Logout the current session, similar to exit |
4. | ctrl+w | Erases one word in the current line |
5. | ctrl+u | Erases the whole line |
6. | ctrl+r | Type to bring up a recent command |
7. | !! | Repeats the last command |
8. | exit | Logout the current session |
